Book1 Unit 1 句子结构(5).docx

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1、英语的句子成分句子成分主语谓语宾语英文subjectverbobjectpredicativeattributeadverbia1comp1ementapposition缩写Attr.A.App.1主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体Duringthe1990s,AmericanCOUI1trymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopu1ar.()WeoftenspeakEng1ishinc1ass.()One-thirdofthestudentsinthisc1assaregir1s.()ToSWimintheriverisagreatp1easure.()SmOkingdoes

2、harmtothehea1th.()Therichshou1dhe1pthePoor.(名词化的形容词)Whe1IWearegoingtohaveanEngIiShtesthasnotbeendecided.(从句)ItisnecessarytomasteraforeignIaiIgUage,(it作,真正的主语为后面的)2 .谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。HePraCtiCeSrunningeverymorning.Hehascaughtabadco1d.Westudents3 .宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。Theywenttoseeane

3、xhibitionyesterday.(名词)Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoo1ontime.(代词)Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.(数词)Theyhe1pedtheOIdwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.()Hepretendednottoseeme.()IenjoyISteIIi11gtoPOPUIarmusic)Ithink(that)heisfitforhisoffice.()宾语种类(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)常跟双宾语的动词：give,show,read,pa

4、ss,1end,buy,bring.eg.1endmeyourdictionaryp1ease.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)常跟符合宾语的词：see,watch,find,keep,make,ask,think.eg.Heheardthegir1singing.4 .表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be,become,get,1ook,grow,turn,seem等)之后。be动词am,is,are感官动词1ook,sound,taste,sme11,fee1表持续的系动词keep,stay,remain表变化的系动词get,become,turn,go,grow

5、表象系动词appear,seem终止系动词turnout,proveGrammar句子结构词的分类动词V.及物动词Vt.形容词adj.不及物动词vi.副词adv.系动词1inkv.数词num.情态动词moda1v.冠词art.助动词aux.v.介词prep.名词n.可数名词C.连词nj不可数名词U.感叹词interj.代词pron.人称代词persona1pron.指示代词demonstrativepron.不定代词indefinitepron.常见句型正误辨析1.,If,which2.,and非谓语动词，and3.非谓语动词，6.介词短语，4.,which7.形容词短语，5.，andwhic

6、h8.,名词短语If,and语法综述词汇主要作的成分用动词代替用句子代替（三类从句）名词1 .可数名词与不可数名词；2 .单数和复数；3 .冠词（a/an/the）主语非谓语动词（动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词），即把动词当成名词形容词、副词使用。1 .基本词类名词：动名词和不定式形容词和副词：不定式和分词2 .逻辑主语定语-被修饰的词状语-句子主语补语一（宾补）宾语/（主补）主语3 .基本功能todo（将要、目的、出乎意料结果状语、固定搭配）doing（主动、同时、自然而然结果状语）done（完成、被动）主语从句名词性从句宾语宾语从句表语表语从句同位语同位语从句形容词1 .形容词比较级2

7、 .最高级定语、补语、表语定语从句副词状语状语从句动词1 .实义动词2 .系动词3 .助动词4 .情态动词谓语谓语动词1 .时态（16种）2 .语态（主动语态和被动语态）3 .语气（陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气）4 .主谓一致Mr.Smith,ournewteacherisverykindtous.（Mr.Smith是主语ournewteacher的同位语）YesterdayImetTe）m,afriendOfmybrothers.（afriendofmybrother3s是宾语Tom的同位语）句型1简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）e.g.HeoftenreadsEn

8、g1ishinthemorning.TomandMikeareAmericanboys.2.并列句:由并列连词（and,but,Or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。e.g.Youhe1phimandhehe1psyou.3.复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。e.g.Theforeignvisitorstooka1otofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWa11.简单句的五种基本句型：1、主语+系动词+表语2、主语+不及物动词e.g.Wework3、主语

9、+及物动词+宾语e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语直接宾语）e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）e.g.Tommadethebaby1augh.感知以下课本原句，完成方框下的小题。1.A11ofus1aughed!1.1 missmygrandma.3 .Theteacherwaskindandfriend1y.4 .Heto1dUSafunnystory.5.1foundmostOfmyc1assmatesandteachersfriend1yandhe1pfu1.6.Heta1k

10、edtoomuch.7.1hadmyfirstmathsc1assatSeI1iOrhighSChOO18.Theresap1acetoexp1ore.句1、句2中黑体部分是,在句中充当o（2）句3中黑体部分在句中充当,其后是o句4、句5中黑体部分在句中充当o（4）句6、句7中黑体部分在句中充当o（5）句8中的主语是o用括号中的词语或中文表达的适当形式填空1 .Thesun（rise）intheeast.2 .Thec1othfee1s（smooth1y）.3 .Thefood（taste）sode1iciousthatitwaseatenupsoon.4 .Canyou（recommend）

11、somegoodbookstome?1.1 enjoy（chat）withyoufacetoface.6 .（有）avarietyofinterestingp1aces.（去参观）7 .（有）atimeinthe1960swhenpeop1e1ikedwearingarmy.OurteacherofEng1ishisanAmerican.(名词)Isityours7()Thespeechisexciting.()Theweatherhasturnedco1d.()ThreetimessevenistwentyOIIe?(数词)HisjobistoteachEng1ish.()Hishobbyi

12、sP1ayingfootba11.1名词)Themachinemustbeoutoforder.()Timeisup.Thec1assisover.()Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.()5 .宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子意义完整。HisfathernamedhimDOngmieg.(名词)TheypaintedtheirboatWhite.(形容词)1etthefreshairin.(,词)Youmustntforcehimto1endhismoneytoyou.()Wesawherentering

13、theroom.()Wefoundeverythinginthe1abingoodorder.()Wewi11soonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.()6 .定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。Gui1inisabeautifu1City.(形容词)Chinaisadeve1opingcountry;Americaisadeve1opedcountry.()TherearethirtyWOmenteachersisourSChOo1.(名词)HisrapidprogressinEng1ishmadeusSUrPriSed.(代词)Ourmonitorisa

14、1waysthefirsttoenterthec1assroom.()Theteachingp1anfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.()Heisreadinganartic1eabouthowtoIeamEng1ish.()7 .状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫状语。1ighttrave1smostquick1y/J词及副词性词组)Hehas1ivedinthecityfortenyears介词短语)HeisproudtohavePaSSedthenationa1CO1IegeOI1tranCeexamination不定式短语)Heisintheroommakingamode1p1ane.()Waitaminute.()Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue.()状语种类如下：Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?()1astnightshedidntgotothedancepartybecauseOftherain.()Isha11gothereifitdoesntrain.()MrSmith1ivesOnthe