脊柱感染——临床特点、诊断与治疗探讨.docx
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1、脊柱感染一一临床特点、诊断与治疗探讨廖穗祥*陈立基(中山陈星海医院广东省中山市528415)摘要:脊柱感染是指脊柱的椎体、椎间盘和(或)椎旁组织受到某种病原微生物的侵犯、破坏所致的疾病。它占全身骨骼肌肉性感染的2-7%,虽然在临床上不常见,但随着我国人口老龄化、免疫缺陷、肿瘤病人以及脊柱外科手术量的增长,它的发病率也呈现出逐年上升的态势。因脊柱感染患者的临床体征特异性低,它的早期诊断是一个相当复杂和困难的过程,其有赖于完善的影像学资料,血培养结果和组织病理学证据。脊柱感染的治疗选择与感染部位、疾病进展、患者的年龄、身体状况及合并症相关。由于患者个体差异、合并症以及病原体的不同等方面原因,难以取
2、得一个普遍适用的诊疗指南。大部分脊柱感染都是可以通过保守治疗处理的。只有当出现了脓肿压迫脊髓或进行性马尾神经损伤,感染破坏骨性结构导致脊柱失稳,或保守治疗无效时才考虑手术干预。但无论是采取保守还是手术治疗方案的最终目的都是要达到消灭细菌和促进骨融合。此外,这两种治疗方案的选择都必须联合使用敏感抗菌素。如今,抗生素治疗的最佳持续时间仍有争议,但均不应低于6周。因此,脊柱感染的早期诊断与治疗是极具挑战性的。关键词:脊柱感染;椎间盘炎;椎旁脓肿;椎体骨髓炎;外科治疗;经皮椎间孔镜中图分类号R453.2jR639Spondy1odiscitisC1inica1features,diagnosisand
3、treatment1iaosuixiangChenIiji(Departmentoforthopedics.ZhongshanChenxinghaiHospita1.GuangdongProvinceZhongshancity,China528415,)AbstractSpondy1odiscitisreferstothediseasecausedbytheinvasionanddestructionofvertebra1body,intervertebra1discand(or)paravertebra1tissuebysomepathogenicmicro-organisms.Itacco
4、untsfor2-7%ofa11muscu1oske1eta1infections.A1thoughitisntcommoninc1inic,itsincidencerateofourcountryisa1soincreasingyearbyyearwiththepopu1ationaging,immunedeficiency,tumorpatientsandthegrowthofspina1surgery.Duetothe1owspecificityofc1inica1signsinpatientswithSpondy1odiscitis,ear1ydiagnosisisaverycomp1
5、exanddifficu1tprocess.Whetherear1ydiagnosiscanbemadedependsonperfectimagingdata,b1oodcu1tureresu1tsandhistopatho1ogica1evidence.Thechoiceofmanagementforspina1infectionisre1atedtothesiteofinfection,diseaseprogression,patientsage,physica1conditionandcomp1ications.Astheindividua1differencesofpatients,c
6、omp1icationsandpathogens,itisdifficu1ttoobtainagenera11yapp1icab1ediagnosisandtreatmentguide.Mostspina1infectionscanbecuredbyconservativetreatment.Surgica1interventionshou1dbeconsideredon1ywhenabscesscompressingthespina1cordorcaudaequinaaccompaniedbyprogressivenerveinjury,infectiondestroysthebonestr
7、ucture,resu1tinginspina1instabi1ity,orconservativetreatmentisineffective.However,whetherconservativeorsurgica1treatmentisadopted,theu1timategoa1istoe1iminatebacteriaandpromotebonefusion.Inaddition,thechoiceofbothtreatmentoptionsmustbecombinedwithsensitiveantibiotics.Nowadays,theoptima1durationofanti
8、biotictreatmentissti11controversia1,butitshou1dntbe1essthan6weeks.Therefore,theear1ydiagnosisandtreatmentofSpondy1odiscitisisverycha11enging.KeywordsSpondy1odiscitis;discitis;paravertebra1abscess;vertebra1osteomye1itis;surgica1treatment;percutaneousendoscopicdiscectomy脊柱感染定义是指特定微生物造成脊柱椎体、椎间盘和(或)椎旁组织
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- 关 键 词:
- 脊柱 感染 临床 特点 诊断 治疗 探讨