迈克尔逊干涉仪测‘.docx
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1、实验四用迈克尔逊干涉仪空气的折射率一、实验目的用分离的光学元件构建一个迈克尔逊干涉仪。通过降低空气的压强测量其折射率。二、仪器和光学元件光学平台;HeNe激光;调整架,35x35mm;平面镜,30x30mm;磁性基座;分束器50:50;透镜,f=+20mm;白屏;玻璃容器,手持气压泵,组合夹具,T形连接,适配器,软管,硅管三、实验原理借助迈克尔逊干涉仪装置中的两个镜,光线被引进干涉仪。通过改变光路中容器内气体的压强,推算出空气的折射率。IftwoWaveshavingthesamefrequency(O,butdifferentamp1itudesanddifferentphasesareco
2、incidentatone1ocation,theysuperimposetoTheresu1tingcanbedescribedbythefo11owing:Y=ASin(WrOf)withtheamp1itudeA2=q-+a;+2d14Z2COSb(1)andthephasedifference=-C1-O11InaMiche1soninterferometer,the1ightbeamissp1itbyaha1f-si1veredg1assp1ateintotwopartia1beams(amp1itude(2)sp1itting),ref1ectedbytwomirrors,anda
3、gainbroughttointerferencebehindtheg1assp1ate.Sinceon1y1arge1uminousspotscanexhibitcircu1arinterferencefringes,the1ightbeamisexpandedbetweenthe1aserandtheg1assp1atebya1ens1.Ifonerep1acestherea1mirrorM3withitsvirtua1imageM3,Whichisformedbyref1ectionbytheg1assp1ate,apointPoftherea11ightsourceappearsast
4、hepointsP,andP,ofthevirtua11ightsources1iand12Duetothedifferent1ightpaths,usingthedesignationsinFig.2,2乃thephasedifferenceisgivenby:=2dCoSe,isthewave1engthofthe1aserIjghtused.Accordingto(1),theintensitydistributionfora-a1-C1is/A2=42cos2-2MaximathusoccurwhenBisequa1toamu1tip1eof.hencewith(2)(4)remain
5、sconstant(seeFig.3).Ifone2dCQs=nixm=1,2i.e.therearecircu1arfringesforse1ected.fixedva1uesofm.andd,sincea1tersthepositionofthemovab1emirrorMa(cf.isindeeddefinedforthisring.Thus,aringdisappearseachtimedisreducedby2.Ford=0thecirou1arfringepatterndisappears.IfthesurfacesofmirrorsNhandMaarenotpara11e1int
6、hesenseofFig.2,oneobtainscurvedfringes,whichgradua11ychangeintostraightfringesatd=0.空气衍射系数的确定Tbmeasurethediffractionnofair,anair-fi11edce11withp1ane-para11e1boundariesisused.Thediffractionindexnofagasisa1inearfunctionof(hepressureP.ForpressureP=0anabso1utevacuumexistssothatn=1.(P)=(P=O)+-P(5)PFromth
7、emeasuredda1e,thedifferencequotientz/Pisfirstdetermined:h(P+P)-h(P)=(6)PPThefo11owingistruefortheoptica1path1engthd:d=Z(P)S(7)Wheres=2Iisthegeometric1engthoftheevacuatedce11andn(P)isthediffractionindexofthegaspresentinthechamber.1istheIenghtofthegasco1umnintheg1assce11.Thefactthatthepathistraversedt
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