迈克尔逊干涉仪测空气折射率.docx
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1、迈克尔逊干涉仪测空气的折射率赵龙宇PB06005068一、实验目的用分离的光学元件构建一个迈克尔逊干涉仪。通过降低空气的压强测量其折射率。二、仪器和光学元件光学平台;HeNe激光;调整架,35x35mm;平面镜,30x30mm;磁性基座;分束器50:50;透镜,f=+20mm;白屏;玻璃容器,手持气压泵,组合夹具,T形连接,适配器,软管,硅管三、实验原理借助迈克尔逊干涉仪装置中的两个镜,光线被引进干涉仪。通过改变光路中容器内气体的压强,推算出空气的折射率。IftwoWaveshavingthesamefrequency,butdifferentamp1itudesanddifferentpha
2、sesarecoincidentatone1ocation,theysuperimposetoTheresu1tingcanbedescribedbythefo11owing:Y=Asin(vrr-a)Withtheamp1itudeA2=a12+a;+2a1a2COS5(1)andthephasedifference=ax-a2InaMiche1soninterferometer,the1ightbeamissp1itbyaha1f-si1veredg1assp1ateintotwopartia1beams(amp1itudesp1itting),ref1ectedbytwomirrors,
3、andagainbroughttointerferencebehindtheg1assp1ate.Sinceon1y1arge1uminousspotscanexhibitcircu1arinterferencefringes,the1ightbeamisexpandedbetweenthe1aserandtheg1assp1atebya1ens1.Ifonerep1acestherea1mirrorM3withitsvirtua1imageM3z,Whichisformedbyref1ectionbytheg1assp1ate,apointPoftherea11ightsourceappea
4、rsasthepointsPz,andP“ofthevirtua11ightsources1iand12Duetothedifferent1ightpaths,usingthedesignationsinFig.2,图22thephasedifferenceisgivenby:=2dCOSe(2).isthewave1engthofthe1aserIjghtused.Accordingto(1),theintensitydistributionfora=a2=aisZ-A2=42cos2-(3)2Maximathusoccurwhenisequa1toamu1tip1eof2,hencewit
5、h(2)2dCQs=mm=1,2,(4)i.e.therearecircu1arfringesforse1ected,fixedva1uesofm,andd,sinceremainsconstant(seeFig.3).Ifonea1tersthepositionofthemovab1emirrorM3(cf.isindeeddefinedforthisring.Thus,aringdisappearseachtimedisreducedby2.Ford=Othecirou1arfringepatterndisappears.IfthesurfacesofmirrorsM4andM3areno
6、tpara11e1inthesenseofFig.2,oneobtainscurvedfringes,whichgradua11ychangeintostraightfringesatd=O.空气衍射系数的确定Tomeasurethediffractionnofair,anair-fi11edce11withp1ane-para11e1boundariesisused.Thediffractionindexnofagasisa1inearfunctionofthepressureP.ForpressureP=Oanabso1utevacuumexistssothatn=1.?z2(P)=zz(
7、P=0)+-P(5)Fromthemeasureddate,thedifferencequotientnPisfirstdetermined:(6)?_n(P+P)-n(P)P-PThefo11owingistruefortheoptica1path1engthd:d=n(P)sWheres=21isthegeometric1engthoftheevacuatedce11andn(P)isthediffractionindexofthegaspresentinthechamber.IistheIenghtofthegasco1umnintheg1assce11.Thefactthatthepa
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- 迈克 干涉仪 空气 折射率